Research Paper: Evaluating the Performance of a Resistive Plate Chamber by Measurement of the Detector’s Count Rate

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

2 PhD Student, Physics department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Resistive plate chamber (RPC) is a gaseous particle detector primarily developed for particle physics experiments and found vast applications in industry. We have constructed a prototype of a single gap glass RPC, with gap width of 2 mm. For simplicity, this prototype has a single 10×10 cm2 Al pad to readout the detector’s signals. An electronic board is designed and built at our laboratory to receive, amplify and register pulses as counts per unit time at the computer. In this study, we have used the count rate (noise) as an indicator of the detector's performance. We observed that the count rate reduced in the presence of Fe shields above the detector, due to the absorption of particles related to the cosmic rays. We also studied the sensitivity of the detector to the 60 keV gammas of the Am source. Although an increase in the count rate in the presence of the 241Am source is evident, the efficiency of the detector to 60 keV gammas is very small. All of the measurements are performed at several high voltages between 1 kV and 3 kV.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]        Santonico R, Cardarelli R., “Development of resistive plate counters,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res., vol. 187, no. 2–3, pp. 377–380, 1981.
[2]        Vanheule S., “Design of a glass resistive plate chamber for the upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid muon system,” Gent, 2013.
[3]        Chiodini G, Orlando N, Spagnolo S., “ATLAS RPC time-of-flight performance,” Cern. Geneva Cern, 2012.
[4]        Agnetta GA, et al., “Use of RPC in EAS physics with the COVER_PLASTEX experiment,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 381, no. 1, pp. 64–72, 1996.
[5]        Aielli G, et al., “Layout and performance of RPCs used in the Argo-YBJ experiment,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 562, no. 1, pp. 92–96, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.136.
[6]        Pinto C, Abbrescia M, Avanzini C, Baldini L, Baldini R., “Monitoring the long term stability of civil buildings through the MRPC telescopes of the EEE Project Monitoring the long term stability of civil buildings through the MRPC telescopes of the EEE Project,” 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1561/1/012019.
[7]        Abbrescia M, et al., “The EEE MRPC telescopes as tracking tools to monitor building stability with cosmic muons,” J. Instrum., vol. 14, no. 06, pp. P06035–P06035, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/p06035.
[8]        Anupama GC, et al., “Big science in India,” Nat. Rev. Phys., Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s42254-021-00384-5.
[9]        Chakraborty S, “Development of Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) for CBM Muon Chamber,” BOSE INSTITUTE, 2018.
[10]      Sehgal R, Mitra MS, Roy T, Sehgal ST, Pant LM, Nayak BK., “Voxelization based PoCA point cloud filtration algorithm for image reconstruction for Muon Tomography,” J. Instrum., vol. 15, no. 09, pp. P09012–P09012, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/p09012.
[11]      Preziosi E, et al., “TECNOMUSE: a novel, RPC-based, muon tomography scanner for the control of container terminals,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1548, p. 12021, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1548/1/012021.
[12]      Abbrescia M, Peskov V, Fonte P, Resistive gaseous detectors: designs, performance, and perspectives. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
[13]      Wang Y, Yu Y, “Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers for Time of Flight Applications,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 111, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.3390/app11010111.
[14]      Nizam M, Satyanarayana B, Shinde RR, Majumder G, “Study of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) as a Potential Candidate for Development of a PET Device,” 2021, pp. 1125–1128.
[15]      Doroud K, Moshaii A, Pezeshkian Y, Rahighi J, Afarideh H, “Simulation of temperature dependence of RPC operation,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 602, no. 3, pp. 723–726, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.099.
[16]      Moshaii A, Khorashad LK, Eskandari M, Hosseini S, “RPC simulation in avalanche and streamer modes using transport equations for electrons andions,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 661, pp. S168–S171, 2012.
[17]      Sharifi B, Saramad S., “Investigation of a prototype double-stack MRPC detector with 20 gas gaps for Time-Of-Flight measurement in PET imaging systems,” J. Instrum., vol. 15, no. 02, pp. P02015–P02015, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02015.
[18]      Khosrozadeh M, Pezeshkian Y, Ashkani M, Ghorbani G, “Constructing a Prototype of Single Gap Resistive Plate Chamber in Sahand University of Technology,” in 9th Conference on Particle Physics and Fields, pp. 15–18, 2019, (in Persian).
[19]      Naumann L, Kotte R, Stach D, Wüstenfeld J, “Ceramics high rate timing RPC,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 628, no. 1, pp. 138–141, 2011.
[20]      Morales M, Pecharromán C, Mata-Osoro G, Díaz LA, Garzón JA, “Aging and conductivity of electrodes for high rate tRPCs from an ion conductivity approach,” Proc. Sci., vol. 2012-Febru, 2012.
[21]      Raveendrababu K, Behera PK, Satyanarayana B, “Effect of electrical properties of glass electrodes on the performance of RPC detectors for the INO-ICAL experiment,” J. Instrum., vol. 11, no. 08, pp. P08024–P08024, 2016, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/11/08/p08024.
[22]      Lu C, “RPC electrode material study,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 602, no. 3, pp. 761–765, 2009.
[23]      Meghna KK, et al., “Measurement of electrical properties of electrode materials for the bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers,” J. Instrum., vol. 7, no. 10, p. P10003, 2012.
[24]      Biswas S, et al., “Performances of silicone coated high resistive bakeliteRPC,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 661, pp. S94–S97, 2012.
[25]      Kalmani S, et al., “Preliminary results on optimization of gas flow rate for RPCs,” in XI workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors (RPC2012), 2012, vol. 2012-Febru, pp. 1–7, doi: 10.22323/1.159.0027.
[26]      Capeans M, Guida R, Mandelli B, “Systematic study of RPC performances in polluted or varying gas mixtures compositions : an online monitor system for the RPC gas mixture at LHC,” Cern PHEP-Tech-Note-2012-002, pp. 1–14, 2012, [Online]. Available: https://ph-dep-dt-old.web.cern.ch/Documents/Posters/PosterRPC_MandelliB.pdf.
[27]      Pezeshkian Y, Kiyoumarsioskouei A, Ahmadpouri M, Ghorbani G, “The gas flow pattern through small size Resistive Plate Chambers with 2 mm gap,” J. Instrum., vol. 16, no. 11, p. P11022, Nov. 2021.
[28]      Riegler W, Lippmann C, Veenhof R, “Detector physics and simulation of resistive plate chambers,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 500, no. 1–3, pp. 144–162, 2003.
[29]      Schindler H, “Garfield++ User Guide (Version 2019.6),” 2019. https://garfieldpp.web.cern.ch/garfieldpp/documentation/UserGuide.pdf.
[30]      Tourani MA, Jahanbakhsh O, Pezeshkian Y, “Evaluation of Transport Parameters of Ar and CO2 Gas Mixture Using Garfield++ Code,” 8th National Conference on Physics, 2017 (in Persian).
[31]      Abbrescia M, Peskov V, Fonte P, Resistive Gaseous Detectors, vol. 53, no. 9. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018.
[32]      Zhang Q, et al., “Environmental dependence of the performance of resistive plate chambers,” J. Instrum., vol. 5, no. 2, 2010, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/5/02/P02007.
[33]      A. Blanco et al., “Perspectives for positron emission tomography with RPCs,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 508, no. 1–2, pp. 88–93, 2003.
[34]      Blanco A, et al., “Efficiency of RPC detectors for whole-body human TOF-PET,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 602, no. 3, pp. 780–783, 2009.
[35]      Pezeshkian Y, Bahmanabadi M, Abbasian Motlagh M, Rezaie M, “Scintillation detectors of Alborz-I experiment,” Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 773, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.015.
[36]      Gonzalez-Diaz D, Sharma A, “Challenges for resistive gaseous detectors towards RPC2014,” J. Instrum., vol. 8, no. 02, p. T02001, 2013.
[37]      Crosetto DB, “A modular VME or IBM PC based data acquisition system for multi-modality PET/CT scanners of different sizes and detector types,” in Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2000 IEEE, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 12/78-12/97 vol. 2.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 28 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 07 November 2021
  • Accept Date: 10 December 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics