Research Paper: Producing and Characterizing Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized on GO and Investigating the Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on their Nonlinear Behavior

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M. Sc. Graduated, Department of Physics, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

2 PhD Student, Department of Physics, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Physics, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

In this research, graphene oxide was prepared by Hamers' improved method, then, with the electric arc method, silver nanoparticles enter the graphene oxide environment diluted with deionized water, and a colloid of core-shell,silver-silver oxide is prepared. After the samples were prepared, graphene oxide plates containing silver nanoparticles were fixed on them, and samples with the same concentration and volume were placed under ultraviolet radiation for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes, respectively. Then, various spectra are prepared from the samples and their linear and non-linear behavior is studied in two experiments, Z-scan and phase spatial modulation. The results of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared Fourier transform, and X-ray diffraction show that the resulting solution contains graphene oxide nanoplates and silver oxide nanoparticles. Investigating the nonlinear optical properties of the samples also shows that the nonlinear refractive index of the samples is of the order of , which by ultraviolet radiation to the samples, their nonlinear refractive index changes slightly, and on the other hand, the diffraction pattern with two peaks is observed in the formed structure.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Liu Z., Zhang X., Yan X., Chen Y., and Tian J., “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials” , Chinese Sci. Bull. 57(23), 2971-2982, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5270-4
[2] Dissanayake D.M.A.S., Cifuentes M. ,Humphrey M.G., “Optical limiting properties of (reduced) graphene oxide covalently functionalized by coordination complexes”, Coordin , Chem. Rev. 375, 489-513, 2018. https://doi.org/  10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.003.
[3] Bonaccorso, F., Sun, Z.,  Hasan T. , Ferrari, A. C.,  “ Graphene Photonics and Optoelectronics”, Nature  Phot.  4, 611, 2010. https://doi.org/  10.1038/nphoton.2010.186
[4] Elisabeth Gruber , Richard A. Wilhelm , Re´mi Pe´tuya , Valerie Smejkal1 , Roland Kozubek,Ultrafast electronic response of graphene to a strong and localized electric field”, Nature Comm.7, 13948, 2016. https://doi.org/  10.1038/ncomms13948
[5] Sun, Y.; Xia, H., “Bi2Te3/Graphene Heterostructure as the Saturable Absorber for ~1.0 µm Passively Q-switched Solid State Pulsed Laser”, Crystals, 12(2), 222, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020222
[6] Zhao, X., Liu, Z.-B. , Yan, W.-B. , Wu Y. ,  Zhang X.-L., Chen Y. , Tian J.-G., “Ultrafast carrier dynamics and saturable absorption of solution-processable few-layered graphene oxide”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 121905, 2011. https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.3570640
[7] Zhibo LiuYan WangXiaoliang ZhangYanfei XuYongsheng Chen , and Jianguo Tian;  “Nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in nanosecond and picosecond regimes” ; Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 021902 , 2009. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3068498
[8] Wang,Y.  et al., “Distinguishing Thermal Lens Effect from Electronic Third-order Nonlinear Self-phase Modulation in Liquid Suspensions of 2D Nanomaterials”, Nanoscale 9(10), 2017. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/C6NR08487G
[9] Neupan, T.,  Tabibi, B.  ; Kim, W. J., Seo, F. J.,  “Spatial Self-Phase Modulation in Graphene-Oxide Monolayer”; Crystals 13(2), 271, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020271
[10] Martinez Irivas, B. A. ,  Arroyo Carrasco M. L., “ Far- field diffraction patterns by a thin nonlinear absorptive nonlocal media”; Optics Express  23(11), 14036-14043, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.014036
[11] Durbin, S. D. , Arakelian S. M., Shen, Y. R., “ Laser- induced diffraction rings from nematic-liquid-crystal film”, Opt. Lett.,  6(9), 411-413, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.6.000411
[12] Xiangpeng Yang,Decai Li, Qian Li, Xiangshen Meng., “Spatial self-phase modulation of a Gaussian beam transmitted through a ferro fluid”, Appl. Opt 59(32), 10, 10069, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.406296
[13] Wang,  G. , Zhang, S. , Umran, F. A. , Cheng, X., Dong, N., Coghlan, D., “Tunable effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation” , Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 141909, 2014.
[14] Zhang, X. Yu, W. Han, B. Lv, and J. He, “Broadband spatial selfphase modulation of black phosphorous” , Opt. Lett. 41, 1704–1707, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.001704
[15] Garcia Ramirez, E. V., Arroyo Carrasco, M. L., Chavez Cerda, S., Mendez Otero, M. M., Iturbe Castillo, M. D.; “ Far field intensity distributions due to spatial self  phase modulation of a Gaussian beam by a thin nonlocal nonlinear media ”; Opt. Exp. 18(21), 22067, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.022067
[16] Lucchetti, L. , Suchand, S., Simoni, F.,  “Fine structure in spatial self-phase modulation patterns: at a glance determination of the sign of optical nonlinearity in highly nonlinear films”, J. Opt. A 11, 034002, 2009.  https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1464-4258/11/3/034002.
[17] Deng, L., He, K.  , Zhou, T., Li, C.; “ Formation and evolution of far-field diffraction patterns of divergent and convergent Gaussian beams passing through self-focusing and self-defocusing media”, J. Opt., A: Pure Appl., Opt. 7, 409-415, 2005. https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1464-4258/7/8/011
[18] Sheik-Bahae M., Said A.A., Van Stryland E.W., “High-sensitivity, Single-Beam n2 Measurements”, Opt. Lett., 14, 955–957, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.14.000955  
[19] Sheik-Bahae M., Said A.A., Wei A.A., Hagan D.J., Stryland E.W.V., “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam”, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 760–769, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1109/3.53394
[20] Parra I. ,Valbuena S., Racedo F J, “Measurement of nonlinear optical parameters in graphene oxide using the Z-scan Technique , Spectrochimica Acta A,  244(5), 118833, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.118833
[21] Nadjari H. , Hajiesmaeilbaigi F., Motamedi A.,”Thermo Optical  Response and Optical Limiting in Ag and Au Nanocolloid Prepared by Laser Ablation”, Laser Physics 20(4), 859 , 2010. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X1007025X
[22] Nadjari H., Movahedinejad H., “Investigating the size effect in the dielectric function of spherical nano particles and determining their allowed radial interval for experimentally produced samples”, Iranian Journal of Physics Research 20(1), 23-30, 2020. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.20.1.38131
[23] Zaaba N.I. ,  Foo K.L. , Hashim U. ,  Tan S.J. ,  Liu W.W.,  Voon C.H. , “Synthesis of Graphene Oxide using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence Procedia Engineering, Procedia Engineering 184, 469-477, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.118
[24] Kovtyukhova, N. I. et al., “Layer-by-layer assembly of ultrathin composite films from micron-sized graphite oxide sheets and polycations”, Chem. Mater 11, 771–778 , 1999. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm981085u
[25] Yun G.S. ,  Bac L.H. , Kim J.S. , Kwon Y.S. ,  Choi H.S.,Kim J.C., “ Preparation and dispersive properties of Ag colloid by electrical explosion of wire”,  J.  All. & Comp.,  509, Supple. 1,  S348-S352, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.142
[26] Meimanat S., Nadjari H. , Rasuli R.; “Investigation of linear and non-linear behaviors of silver oxide nanoparticles in graphene oxide solution”, Iranian Journal of Applied Physics 13(4), 2023. (In Persian). http://doi.org/10.22051/ijap.2023.43454.1319
[27] Kim H., Parvez S. R., Chhowalla M. K., “UV-reduction of graphene oxide and its application as an interfacial layer to reduce the back-transport reactions in dye-sensitized solar cells”, Chemical Physics Letters 483, 124-127, 2009.  http://doi.org/10.22051/ijap.2023.43454.1319